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Thus the first two parts of the table are Attacks and Throws. Any attack combines with any throw to become a waza: For example, a partner can attack with mune tsuki and be thrown with ikkyo, shiho nage, kote gaeshi, irimi nage or one of many kokyu nage.
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Aikido Term | Definition | Examples or Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1. ATTACKS | ||
| hanmi handachi | half sitting, half standing | Standing uke attacks seated nage |
| kata tori | shoulder grab | kata tori ikkyo, ushiro kata tori sankyo |
| katate tori | one hand grab (same side, as in left hand grabs partner's right wrist) | katate tori shiho nage |
| katate kosa tori | one hand grab (opposite side) | As in, left hand grab of partner's left wrist |
| katate( tori ) ryotemochi | grab one wrist with both hands | katate tori ryote mochi kokyu nage |
| mune tsuki | punch or thrust to the chest | munetsuki kotegaeshi |
| ryote tori | grab both hands | ryote tori tenchi nage |
| shomen uchi | direct strike to the face or front of the head | shomen uchi ikkyo |
| ushiro ( ryo )-kata tori | grab (both) shoulder(s) from behind | ushiro kata tori sankyo |
| ushiro tekubi / hiji / kata tori | grab wrists / elbows / shoulders from behind | ushiro tekubi tori kotegaeshi, ushiro hiji tori, ushiro kata tori |
| yokomen uchi | strike to the side of the face or head | yokomen uchi shiho nage |
| 2. THROWS | ||
| ikkyo ( omote and ura ) | first "form" throw | also, nikyo, sankyo, yonkyo, gokyo for second through fifth form, resp. |
| irimi nage | "entering" throw | |
| jo nage ( or jo tori ) | throwing with, or taking away, the jo (wooden staff) | Set of throwing techniques with a jo |
| jiyu waza | "free" style | Basic: perform any throw against ryotetori (two-hand grab) attack; Advanced: any throw against any attack |
| kaeshi waza | "reversal" throw | Techniques for countering nage's throw |
| kaiten nage ( omote and ura ) |
"revolution" throw | Turn of the wheel "revolution", not overthrowing governments |
| kokyu nage | breath throw | Throws relying on timing, body movement and attacker's speed and strength, rather than joint locks |
| kote gaeshi | wrist turn throw | |
| randori | attack by multiple, usually 4, uke | lit. "passing through chaos" |
| shiho nage (omote and ura) |
four directions throw | |
| sumi otoshi (omote and ura) |
"corner" throw | |
| tachidori ( bokken tori ) | sword waza | Deal with (wooden) sword attacks |
| tanto tori | knife waza | Deal with (wooden) knife attacks |
| suwari waza | seated techniques | Waza executed while kneeling |
| tenchi nage ( omote and ura ) |
heaven-earth throw | |
| udekime nage |
armpit / upper-arm throw | |
| 3. EXERCISES | ||
| fune kogi undo | rowing exercise | |
| hojo walk | posture, moving and breathing exercise during warmups | |
| koho tento | back roll practice | |
| kokyu ho | breath exercise | Done in a kneeling position (seiza) at the end of every class |
| misogi ( okinaga ) | purification breathing | Breathing exercise at the end of class |
| sayu undo | left-to-right exercise | Preparation for one kokyu nage |
| shikko | samurai, or knee, walking | Preparation for suwari waza |
| 4. Japanese Words + Phrases used in Day-to-Day Practice | ||
| ashi hakobi | move the feet | "Martial walk of walking by sliding the feet rather than stepping |
| bokken | wooden sword | tachi or katana, generic name for a (real) sword |
| hara | center of the body, just below the navel | |
| hanmi | stance | Lit., half body, as in facing forward with left or right foot forward, in left or right hanmi, respectively |
| hanmi handachi | half standing | techniques with standing uke attacking a kneeling nage |
| jiyu waza | freestyle throwing | Usually rytotetori kokyunage techniques |
| jo | wooden staff | Originally a thrusting spear |
| kaiten | pivot 180o in place | Turn 180o without moving the feet |
| kamae | stance | Formal posture for attacking or awaiting attack |
| kiai | energy | |
| kohai | junior student, i.e. one having less experience than a senpai | See also senpai |
| kokyu | breath or breathing | kokyu nage, kokyu ho |
| kyu & dan | rank, level or grade in martial arts: | kyu - colored belts, 6th or 5th through 1st kyu (descending) dan - black belts, shodan (1st), nidan (2nd), sanda (3rd), yondan (4th), godan (5th), etc. through 10th dan |
| ma'ai | interval | Managing space; the proper distance between nage and uke for attack and defense |
| men | face or head | |
| metsuke | Eye line | Keep head erect and focus eyes on the middle distance |
| mochi | hold, have | ryote mochi: hold with both hands |
| nage | throw or person throwing | shiho nage, irimi nage |
| onegai shimasu | please, a request | As in, "please work (train) with me" |
| omote or irimi | front entry | shiho nage, omote |
| ryo | both | ryote tori, ryote mochi |
| sabaki | body alignment | |
| seiza | formal Japanese sitting, on the knees | |
| senpai | senior student, i.e. having more experience | See also kohai |
| sensei | teacher | Head instructor is Sensei; all other instructors are only addressed as Sensei when they are teaching and on the mat |
| shiho giri | four directions cut, also happo giri: 8 directions cut | Cutting & parrying practice with the bokken |
| tanto | knife, lit. short sword | tanto tori waza deal with knife attacks |
| te | hand | |
| tekubi | wrist | |
| tenkan | turn | Pivot (kaiten) and step back |
| tori | take, grasp | katate tori, ryote tori |
| uchi | strike | shomen uchi, yokomen uchi attacks |
| uke | receive, i.e. person being thrown, the attacker | |
| ukemi | the art of attacking, following and taking the fall | "Partner's ukemi is good"; "we have to work on our ukemi |
| ura, ushiro | entry to the back | ikkyo ura, ushiro tekubi tori |
| waza | technique | |
| zanshin | connection or focus | Maintain zanshin with your partner throughout the waza or training session |
kokyuu hoo, koohai, shikkoo, ryoo, randoori, joo, shihoo nage, undoo, jiyuu waza, tantoo, koohoo, tentoo, sayu, kyuu (the rank). The rest of the words are pronounced phonetically, except pronounce the following words without the "u": onegai shimass (not "shimasoo"); munetski (not "munetsooki")
See also An English-Japanese Aikido Lexicon for a similar exercise from a different perspective, the words broken down to individual meanings.
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